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如何设计组织Django模板

发布时间: 2021-08-12 09:13:37

Django在模板引擎中提供了各种机制来帮助我们实现这一目标。在本教程中,我将说明如何使用Django内置模板标记块,扩展和包含来使模板易于维护。




准备工作:

1、Python 3.6

2、Django 2.2

3、AdminLTE 3.0.5

我们目标是将模板文件有效组织起来,避免重复的代码引用,我们分四个步骤来实现。

步骤1/4:base.html

将模板分为多个部分,我们知道除了菜单和内容外,其他所有内容都是可重复的。我们将制作一个基本模板来容纳那些常见的部分,如图:



在项目文件夹中创建一个文件夹模板。在其中创建一个base.html。将所有常见的片段添加到其中。只需复制并粘贴以下内容,仅是load.html和index.html共享的一部分代码。

 
{% load static %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--
This is a starter template page. Use this page to start your new project from
scratch. This page gets rid of all links and provides the needed markup only.
-->
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">

  <title>AdminLTE 3 | Starter</title>

  <!-- Font Awesome Icons -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/fontawesome-free/css/all.min.css' %}">
  <!-- Theme style -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'dist/css/adminlte.min.css' %}">
  <!-- Google Font: Source Sans Pro -->
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,400i,700" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="hold-transition sidebar-mini">
<div class="wrapper">

  <!-- Navbar -->
  <nav class="main-header navbar navbar-expand navbar-white navbar-light">
    <!-- Left navbar links -->
    <ul class="navbar-nav">
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" data-widget="pushmenu" href="#" role="button"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item d-none d-sm-inline-block">
        <a href="index3.html" class="nav-link">Home</a>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item d-none d-sm-inline-block">
        <a href="#" class="nav-link">Contact</a>
      </li>
    </ul>

    <!-- SEARCH FORM -->
    <form class="form-inline ml-3">
      <div class="input-group input-group-sm">
        <input class="form-control form-control-navbar" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
        <div class="input-group-append">
          <button class="btn btn-navbar" type="submit">
            <i class="fas fa-search"></i>
          </button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </form>

    <!-- Right navbar links -->
    <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
      <!-- Messages Dropdown Menu -->
      <li class="nav-item dropdown">
        <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
          <i class="far fa-comments"></i>
          <span class="badge badge-danger navbar-badge">3</span>
        </a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-lg dropdown-menu-right">
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <!-- Message Start -->
            <div class="media">
              <img src="{% static 'dist/img/user1-128x128.jpg' %}" alt="User Avatar" class="img-size-50 mr-3 img-circle">
              <div class="media-body">
                <h3 class="dropdown-item-title">
                  Brad Diesel
                  <span class="float-right text-sm text-danger"><i class="fas fa-star"></i></span>
                </h3>
                <p class="text-sm">Call me whenever you can...</p>
                <p class="text-sm text-muted"><i class="far fa-clock mr-1"></i> 4 Hours Ago</p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Message End -->
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <!-- Message Start -->
            <div class="media">
              <img src="{% static 'dist/img/user8-128x128.jpg' %}" alt="User Avatar" class="img-size-50 img-circle mr-3">
              <div class="media-body">
                <h3 class="dropdown-item-title">
                  John Pierce
                  <span class="float-right text-sm text-muted"><i class="fas fa-star"></i></span>
                </h3>
                <p class="text-sm">I got your message bro</p>
                <p class="text-sm text-muted"><i class="far fa-clock mr-1"></i> 4 Hours Ago</p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Message End -->
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <!-- Message Start -->
            <div class="media">
              <img src="{% static 'dist/img/user3-128x128.jpg' %}" alt="User Avatar" class="img-size-50 img-circle mr-3">
              <div class="media-body">
                <h3 class="dropdown-item-title">
                  Nora Silvester
                  <span class="float-right text-sm text-warning"><i class="fas fa-star"></i></span>
                </h3>
                <p class="text-sm">The subject goes here</p>
                <p class="text-sm text-muted"><i class="far fa-clock mr-1"></i> 4 Hours Ago</p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Message End -->
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item dropdown-footer">See All Messages</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <!-- Notifications Dropdown Menu -->
      <li class="nav-item dropdown">
        <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
          <i class="far fa-bell"></i>
          <span class="badge badge-warning navbar-badge">15</span>
        </a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-lg dropdown-menu-right">
          <span class="dropdown-header">15 Notifications</span>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <i class="fas fa-envelope mr-2"></i> 4 new messages
            <span class="float-right text-muted text-sm">3 mins</span>
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <i class="fas fa-users mr-2"></i> 8 friend requests
            <span class="float-right text-muted text-sm">12 hours</span>
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item">
            <i class="fas fa-file mr-2"></i> 3 new reports
            <span class="float-right text-muted text-sm">2 days</span>
          </a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-item dropdown-footer">See All Notifications</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link" data-widget="control-sidebar" data-slide="true" href="#" role="button"><i
            class="fas fa-th-large"></i></a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
  <!-- /.navbar -->

  <!-- Main Sidebar Container -->
  <aside class="main-sidebar sidebar-dark-primary elevation-4">
    <!-- Brand Logo -->
    <a href="{% url 'home:landing' %}" class="brand-link">
      <img src="{% static 'dist/img/AdminLTELogo.png' %}" alt="AdminLTE Logo" class="brand-image img-circle elevation-3"            style="opacity: .8">
      <span class="brand-text font-weight-light">AdminLTE 3</span>
    </a>

    <!-- Sidebar -->
    <div class="sidebar">
      <!-- Sidebar user panel (optional) -->
      <div class="user-panel mt-3 pb-3 mb-3 d-flex">
        <div class="image">
          <img src="{% static 'dist/img/user2-160x160.jpg' %}" class="img-circle elevation-2" alt="User Image">
        </div>
        <div class="info">
          <a href="#" class="d-block">Alexander Pierce</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!-- Sidebar Menu -->
      {% block sidebar %}{% endblock %}
      <!-- /.sidebar-menu -->
    </div>
    <!-- /.sidebar -->
  </aside>

  <!-- Content Wrapper. Contains page content -->
  {% block content_wrapper %}{% endblock %}
  <!-- /.content-wrapper -->

  <!-- Control Sidebar -->
  <aside class="control-sidebar control-sidebar-dark">
    <!-- Control sidebar content goes here -->
    <div class="p-3">
      <h5>Title</h5>
      <p>Sidebar content</p>
    </div>
  </aside>
  <!-- /.control-sidebar -->

  <!-- Main Footer -->
  <footer class="main-footer">
    <!-- To the right -->
    <div class="float-right d-none d-sm-inline">
      Anything you want
    </div>
    <!-- Default to the left -->
    <strong>Copyright &copy; 2014-2019 <a href="https://adminlte.io">AdminLTE.io</a>.</strong> All rights reserved.
  </footer>
</div>
<!-- ./wrapper -->

<!-- REQUIRED SCRIPTS -->

<!-- jQuery -->
<script src="{% static 'plugins/jquery/jquery.min.js' %}"></script>
<!-- Bootstrap 4 -->
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js' %}"></script>
<!-- AdminLTE App -->
<script src="{% static 'dist/js/adminlte.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

请注意,块content_wrapper用于呈现每个页面的自定义内容。

步骤2/4:删除冗余的通用代码

由于我们在上一步中创建了base.html,因此不再需要将通用代码保留在Landing.html和home.html中。我们应该得到如下结果。

 
<div class="content-wrapper">
  <!-- Content Header (Page header) -->
  <div class="content-header">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row mb-2">
        <div class="col-sm-6">
          <h1 class="m-0 text-dark">Polls Index Page</h1>
        </div><!-- /.col -->
        <div class="col-sm-6">
          <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
            <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
            <li class="breadcrumb-item active">Polls</li>
          </ol>
        </div><!-- /.col -->
      </div><!-- /.row -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
  </div>
  <!-- /.content-header -->

  <!-- Main content -->
  <div class="content">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-lg-6">
          <div class="card">
            <div class="card-body">
              <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

              <p class="card-text">
                Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                content.
              </p>

              <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
            <div class="card-body">
              <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

              <p class="card-text">
                Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                content.
              </p>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
            </div>
          </div><!-- /.card -->

          <!-- general form elements disabled -->
          <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
            <div class="card-header">
              <h3 class="card-title">General Elements</h3>
            </div>
            <!-- /.card-header -->
            <div class="card-body">
              <form role="form">
                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- text input -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Text</label>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ...">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Text Disabled</label>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- textarea -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Textarea</label>
                      <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..."></textarea>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Textarea Disabled</label>
                      <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled></textarea>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <!-- input states -->
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputSuccess"><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Input with
                    success</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="inputSuccess" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputWarning"><i class="far fa-bell"></i> Input with
                    warning</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-warning" id="inputWarning" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputError"><i class="far fa-times-circle"></i> Input with
                    error</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="inputError" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- checkbox -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox">
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" checked>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox checked</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" disabled>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox disabled</label>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- radio -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1">
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1" checked>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio checked</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" disabled>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio disabled</label>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- select -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select</label>
                      <select class="form-control">
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Disabled</label>
                      <select class="form-control" disabled>
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- Select multiple-->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Multiple</label>
                      <select multiple class="form-control">
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Multiple Disabled</label>
                      <select multiple class="form-control" disabled>
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            </div>
            <!-- /.card-body -->
          </div>
          <!-- /.card -->
        </div>
        <!-- /.col-md-6 -->
        <div class="col-lg-6">
          <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
              <h5 class="m-0">Featured</h5>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
              <h6 class="card-title">Special title treatment</h6>

              <p class="card-text">With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.</p>
              <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
            <div class="card-header">
              <h5 class="m-0">Featured</h5>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
              <h6 class="card-title">Special title treatment</h6>

              <p class="card-text">With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.</p>
              <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <!-- /.col-md-6 -->
      </div>
      <!-- /.row -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
  </div>
  <!-- /.content -->
</div>
landing.html页面代码:

<div class="content-wrapper">
  <!-- Content Header (Page header) -->
  <div class="content-header">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row mb-2">
        <div class="col-sm-6">
          <h1 class="m-0 text-dark">Home Landing Page</h1>
        </div><!-- /.col -->
        <div class="col-sm-6">
          <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
            <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="#">Landing Page</a></li>
          </ol>
        </div><!-- /.col -->
      </div><!-- /.row -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
  </div>
  <!-- /.content-header -->

  <!-- Main content -->
  <div class="content">
    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-lg-6">
          <div class="card">
            <div class="card-body">
              <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

              <p class="card-text">
                Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                content.
              </p>

              <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
            <div class="card-body">
              <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

              <p class="card-text">
                Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                content.
              </p>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
              <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
            </div>
          </div><!-- /.card -->
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <!-- general form elements disabled -->
          <div class="card card-warning">
            <div class="card-header">
              <h3 class="card-title">General Elements</h3>
            </div>
            <!-- /.card-header -->
            <div class="card-body">
              <form role="form">
                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- text input -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Text</label>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ...">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Text Disabled</label>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- textarea -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Textarea</label>
                      <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..."></textarea>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Textarea Disabled</label>
                      <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled></textarea>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <!-- input states -->
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputSuccess"><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Input with
                    success</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="inputSuccess" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputWarning"><i class="far fa-bell"></i> Input with
                    warning</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-warning" id="inputWarning" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="col-form-label" for="inputError"><i class="far fa-times-circle"></i> Input with
                    error</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="inputError" placeholder="Enter ...">
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- checkbox -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox">
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" checked>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox checked</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" disabled>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox disabled</label>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- radio -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1">
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1" checked>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio checked</label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" disabled>
                        <label class="form-check-label">Radio disabled</label>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- select -->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select</label>
                      <select class="form-control">
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Disabled</label>
                      <select class="form-control" disabled>
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>

                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <!-- Select multiple-->
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Multiple</label>
                      <select multiple class="form-control">
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="form-group">
                      <label>Select Multiple Disabled</label>
                      <select multiple class="form-control" disabled>
                        <option>option 1</option>
                        <option>option 2</option>
                        <option>option 3</option>
                        <option>option 4</option>
                        <option>option 5</option>
                      </select>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            </div>
            <!-- /.card-body -->
          </div>
          <!-- /.card -->
        </div>
      </div>
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
  </div>
  <!-- /.content -->
</div>

步骤3/4:继承base.html

为了将base.html用作每个页面的基础模板,我们需要通过在模板的开头使用{%extended‘base.html’%}来声明base.html为“父”模板。最重要的是,不要忘记content_wrapper块。将全部内容包装到该块中。我们应该得到如下结果。

 
landing.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block content_wrapper %}
  <div class="content-wrapper">
    . . .
  </div>
{% endblock %}
在index.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block content_wrapper %}
  <div class="content-wrapper">
    . . .
  </div>
{% endblock %}

步骤4/4:将常见的内容单独存放

现在我们可能会意识到,两个模板中都存在相同的巨型形式。几乎一半的代码是它。由于此表单已在两个模板中重复使用,因此我们将其维护在一个可以包含任何模板的地方。

在模板文件夹中创建一个文件夹advanced_forms。在advanced_forms文件夹中,创建如下的general_elements_form.html,代码如下:

 
<form role="form">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- text input -->
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Text</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ...">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Text Disabled</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- textarea -->
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Textarea</label>
        <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..."></textarea>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Textarea Disabled</label>
        <textarea class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Enter ..." disabled></textarea>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- input states -->
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-form-label" for="inputSuccess"><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Input with
      success</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="inputSuccess" placeholder="Enter ...">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-form-label" for="inputWarning"><i class="far fa-bell"></i> Input with
      warning</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-warning" id="inputWarning" placeholder="Enter ...">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-form-label" for="inputError"><i class="far fa-times-circle"></i> Input with
      error</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="inputError" placeholder="Enter ...">
  </div>

  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- checkbox -->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox">
          <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" checked>
          <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox checked</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" disabled>
          <label class="form-check-label">Checkbox disabled</label>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- radio -->
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1">
          <label class="form-check-label">Radio</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="radio1" checked>
          <label class="form-check-label">Radio checked</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" disabled>
          <label class="form-check-label">Radio disabled</label>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- select -->
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Select</label>
        <select class="form-control">
          <option>option 1</option>
          <option>option 2</option>
          <option>option 3</option>
          <option>option 4</option>
          <option>option 5</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Select Disabled</label>
        <select class="form-control" disabled>
          <option>option 1</option>
          <option>option 2</option>
          <option>option 3</option>
          <option>option 4</option>
          <option>option 5</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <!-- Select multiple-->
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Select Multiple</label>
        <select multiple class="form-control">
          <option>option 1</option>
          <option>option 2</option>
          <option>option 3</option>
          <option>option 4</option>
          <option>option 5</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label>Select Multiple Disabled</label>
        <select multiple class="form-control" disabled>
          <option>option 1</option>
          <option>option 2</option>
          <option>option 3</option>
          <option>option 4</option>
          <option>option 5</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

删除Landing.html和index.html中的多余表单代码。使用{% include ‘advanced_forms/general_elements_form.html’ %}包含表单。设置好之后,这就是最终结果。

 
index.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}

{% block content_wrapper %}
  <div class="content-wrapper">
    <!-- Content Header (Page header) -->
    <div class="content-header">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row mb-2">
          <div class="col-sm-6">
            <h1 class="m-0 text-dark">Polls Index Page</h1>
          </div><!-- /.col -->
          <div class="col-sm-6">
            <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
              <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
              <li class="breadcrumb-item active">Polls</li>
            </ol>
          </div><!-- /.col -->
        </div><!-- /.row -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </div>
    <!-- /.content-header -->

    <!-- Main content -->
    <div class="content">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-lg-6">
            <div class="card">
              <div class="card-body">
                <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

                <p class="card-text">
                  Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                  content.
                </p>

                <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
              <div class="card-body">
                <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

                <p class="card-text">
                  Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                  content.
                </p>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
              </div>
            </div><!-- /.card -->

            <!-- general form elements disabled -->
            <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
              <div class="card-header">
                <h3 class="card-title">General Elements</h3>
              </div>
              <!-- /.card-header -->
              <div class="card-body">
                {% include 'advanced_forms/general_elements_form.html' %}
              </div>
              <!-- /.card-body -->
            </div>
            <!-- /.card -->
          </div>
          <!-- /.col-md-6 -->
          <div class="col-lg-6">
            <div class="card">
              <div class="card-header">
                <h5 class="m-0">Featured</h5>
              </div>
              <div class="card-body">
                <h6 class="card-title">Special title treatment</h6>

                <p class="card-text">With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.</p>
                <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
              <div class="card-header">
                <h5 class="m-0">Featured</h5>
              </div>
              <div class="card-body">
                <h6 class="card-title">Special title treatment</h6>

                <p class="card-text">With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.</p>
                <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <!-- /.col-md-6 -->
        </div>
        <!-- /.row -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </div>
    <!-- /.content -->
  </div>
{% endblock %}
loading.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}

{% block content_wrapper %}
  <div class="content-wrapper">
    <!-- Content Header (Page header) -->
    <div class="content-header">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row mb-2">
          <div class="col-sm-6">
            <h1 class="m-0 text-dark">Home Landing Page</h1>
          </div><!-- /.col -->
          <div class="col-sm-6">
            <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
              <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="#">Landing Page</a></li>
            </ol>
          </div><!-- /.col -->
        </div><!-- /.row -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </div>
    <!-- /.content-header -->

    <!-- Main content -->
    <div class="content">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-lg-6">
            <div class="card">
              <div class="card-body">
                <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

                <p class="card-text">
                  Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                  content.
                </p>

                <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="card card-primary card-outline">
              <div class="card-body">
                <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

                <p class="card-text">
                  Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's
                  content.
                </p>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Card link</a>
                <a href="#" class="card-link">Another link</a>
              </div>
            </div><!-- /.card -->
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-6">
            <!-- general form elements disabled -->
            <div class="card card-warning">
              <div class="card-header">
                <h3 class="card-title">General Elements</h3>
              </div>
              <!-- /.card-header -->
              <div class="card-body">
                {% include 'advanced_forms/general_elements_form.html' %}
              </div>
              <!-- /.card-body -->
            </div>
            <!-- /.card -->
          </div>
        </div>
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </div>
    <!-- /.content -->
  </div>
{% endblock %}

现在,让我们再次重新启动项目。屏幕上没有任何变化。但是从整体结构上,项目变得更易于维护。

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